Prostate cancer is among the most common types of cancer found in men. It develops in the prostate gland, a small organ located just below the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of men are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year, most commonly after the age of 50. Men with a family history of prostate cancer are at higher risk. The disease is more prevalent in Western countries such as those in Europe and the Americas, while it occurs less frequently in Asia.

Prostate cancer usually develops slowly and is often symptomless in its early stages, which makes regular screening and PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) testing extremely important.

Types and Causes
Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, which form in the glandular cells of the prostate. Less common types include squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma.
Common causes and risk factors include:

• Advancing age

• Genetic predisposition

• Hormonal changes

• Unhealthy lifestyle choices such as obesity, smoking, and poor diet

• High consumption of red and processed meats

• Lack of physical activity

Common Symptoms of Prostate Cancer
Dr. Rohit Kapoor from Max Hospital explains that prostate cancer can often mimic mild urinary issues in the beginning, making it easy to overlook. Some early and advanced symptoms include:

• Difficulty starting or maintaining urination

• Frequent urination, especially at night

• Burning or pain while urinating

• Weak or interrupted urine flow

• Blood in the urine or semen

• Persistent pain in the lower back, hips, or thighs

• Swelling in the legs

• Fatigue and unexplained weight loss

If left untreated, prostate cancer can spread (metastasize) to bones and other organs, leading to serious complications.

Prevention and Care
Experts recommend the following steps to reduce the risk of prostate cancer:

• Undergo regular PSA testing and digital rectal examinations, especially after age 50 or earlier if there’s a family history.

• Maintain a healthy weight and stay physically active.

• Follow a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

• Limit red meat, processed foods, and high-fat dairy.

• Avoid smoking and alcohol.

• Consult a doctor immediately if you notice any unusual symptoms.