Mobile networks often struggle with coverage gaps and signal drops, limiting the performance of 5G internet. To tackle this, researchers at the International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore (IIIT-B) have developed Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS), also called smart panels. These panels can be mounted on walls or poles to redirect and focus network signals, enhancing internet speeds and reducing dropped calls. The panels can be easily integrated into existing 5G networks without major infrastructure changes.

Plug-and-Play Solution

One of the biggest advantages of RIS is its plug-and-play capability. Network operators can improve coverage without installing additional towers. In the future 6G networks, RIS can be built directly into the design, enabling smarter beam management and better network performance. This reduces both deployment costs and energy consumption.

How the Technology Works

The panels developed by IIIT-B operate at 3.5 GHz, a critical frequency band for 5G. Each panel contains 256 units arranged in a 16x16 grid, controlled by 1-bit PIN diodes. These tiny switches adjust the direction of network signals, improving coverage and reducing interference from unwanted signals.

Challenges and Ongoing Research

RIS technology still faces some challenges, such as quickly adapting signals for fast-moving users, including cars, trains, and drones. To address this, IIIT-B researchers are exploring AI-based predictive beamforming and real-time signal adjustments. The team is also testing software-defined RIS and multi-panel setups, which could further enhance 5G performance and pave the way for 6G networks.