Good gut health is crucial for overall well-being—and modern science has revealed a deep connection between the gut and the brain. This connection is so strong that the gut is often referred to as the "second brain." But what exactly links our stomach to our brain? Dr. Anoop Saraiya, former gastroenterologist at AIIMS Delhi, and Dr. Deepak Gunjan, currently with AIIMS, shed light on this fascinating relationship during a conversation with TV9.

They discussed common digestive issues such as gas, indigestion, obesity, and fat accumulation, and explained the scientific basis for calling the gut our second brain.

The Brain and Stomach: More Connected Than You Think

Dr. Saraiya noted that we’ve often heard the phrase, “the way to the heart is through the stomach”—but now science supports an even deeper idea: the brain and stomach share a direct communication system known as the brain-gut axis. This connection is not just metaphorical—it’s biological, working through the nervous system, hormones, and the immune system.

This axis allows the brain and stomach to constantly send signals to one another. For example, during stress, many people experience stomach cramps or discomfort, and similarly, digestive issues can affect one’s mood. These symptoms are a result of the brain-gut connection.

The Gut Contains Its Own Network of Neurons

Dr. Deepak Gunjan explained an astonishing fact: the gut houses nearly as many neurons (nerve cells) as the brain itself. This enables the gut to function semi-independently—handling digestion, moving food, and even "deciding" how to respond to different inputs. This neural complexity is one reason the gut is considered the second brain.

The Role of Gut Bacteria: Microbiome Matters

According to Dr. Saraiya, the gut is home to trillions of bacteria, both good and bad. Together, these form the gut microbiome, which significantly impacts digestion, immunity, mental health, and even sleep. When the balance between good and bad bacteria is disrupted, it can lead to a range of issues: bloating, gas, poor digestion, inflammation, weight gain or loss, and mental distress.

How to Tell If Your Gut Isn’t Functioning Properly

Warning signs of poor digestion include:

• Frequent bloating

• Sudden or unexplained weight loss

• Diarrhea or irregular bowel movements

• Blood in stool

• Decreased appetite

In elderly individuals, digestive issues may be more serious, while some irregularities are more common in children. However, if symptoms like rapid weight loss or blood in stool occur, it is vital to consult a doctor immediately.

Tips to Maintain a Healthy Gut

Modern lifestyles are a major contributor to gut imbalances. According to the doctors:

• Junk food, inadequate sleep, chronic stress, and lack of exercise disturb the gut microbiome.

• These disruptions can lead to inflammation, infections, and poor nutrient absorption.

To support gut health, focus on:

• Eating a balanced diet rich in fiber and natural probiotics

• Getting adequate sleep

• Managing stress

• Staying physically active