Capsicum, also known as bell pepper, is not only nutritious but also easy to grow in a limited space. Packed with vitamins C, E, and A, capsicum is beneficial for health and can be grown on balconies, terraces, or even indoors with the right care. Here’s a step-by-step guide to growing green bell peppers in a pot.

1. Choosing Seeds and Planting

Start with high-quality capsicum seeds or peat pellets. Plant the seeds in soil at a depth of 1 cm in small trays or nursery bags. Cover lightly with fine soil and water gently. Keep the soil moist, watering only when it begins to dry. Seeds usually germinate in 7 to 10 days, depending on the climate.

Once seedlings reach 4–6 inches in height and have 4–5 leaves, transplant them carefully into larger pots, taking care not to damage the roots.

2. Soil and Fertilization

Capsicum grows best in temperatures between 10°C and 30°C. Use a soil mix of:

• 40% garden soil

• 30% cow dung or vermicompost

• 20% sand or cocopeat

• 10% neem cake

Fertilize seedlings with mustard cake, cow dung, vermicompost, neem cake, or bone meal. Fertilize every 15 days after transplanting. Flowers typically appear in about 30 days, and fruits develop in around 90 days.

3. Sunlight and Watering

Capsicum plants need 6–8 hours of sunlight daily. Protect them from strong winds and harsh afternoon sun. Water moderately; overwatering can cause yellowing leaves or fruit rot. Remove dry or yellow leaves regularly.

4. Preventing Common Problems

• Leaf curl: Can be caused by calcium deficiency or viruses. Spray neem oil and add bone meal or gypsum to the soil.

• Flower drop: Often due to high temperature or insufficient water. Ensure regular watering and some shade.

• Fruit rot: Usually from excess water or humidity. Water carefully.

• Wilting: May result from root rot or pests. Spray neem oil and, if necessary, repot.

5. Supporting the Plant

As plants grow and bear fruit, stems may bend. Use a wooden stick or pole for support. Regular neem oil spraying can help prevent pests.

6. Plant Lifespan

Capsicum plants typically start fruiting 2–3 months after planting and last 4–6 months. After this, replace the plant with new seedlings to continue harvesting.

With proper care, even small-space gardeners can enjoy fresh, homegrown bell peppers and benefit from their nutrition.