Medical science has made remarkable progress in recent decades. Earlier, when an organ in the body was damaged, the only option was an organ transplant from another person. But now, artificial organs have opened new doors of hope. These are designed to replace damaged body parts, extend life, and reduce health risks.

So, how do these artificial organs function? Which organs have been successfully developed so far? How widespread is their use in India and abroad? Let’s explore the “lively” world of artificial organs.

How Do Artificial Organs Work?

The functioning of an artificial organ depends on the organ it is replacing. The aim is to mimic the role of the natural organ:

• Artificial Heart: Works like a pump with a built-in pumping system and battery to circulate blood throughout the body. It is implanted in the chest in place of the real heart.

• Artificial Kidney: Functions like a filtering machine to remove waste products from blood.

• Artificial Cornea: Used in eye surgeries to restore vision.

• Artificial Limbs (prosthetics and bionic limbs): Replace missing hands, legs, or even fingers to restore mobility and grip.

Who Can Receive Artificial Organs?

Dr. Subhash Giri, Unit Head at Delhi’s RML Hospital, explains that the concept of artificial organs is centuries old—initially starting with artificial toes and limbs. Today, prosthetic arms and legs are widely used, while other organs like the heart and kidney are still limited to specific patients.

Before transplantation, extensive tests are carried out to check compatibility. Doctors also monitor how well the organ adapts inside the body.

Success and Global Data

Although global data on artificial organs is limited, some breakthroughs stand out:

• Cornea Transplants: The first artificial cornea transplant in England was performed on a 91-year-old man. Since then, many successful surgeries have been reported.

• Artificial Heart: More than 1,000 Total Artificial Heart (TAH) transplants have been performed worldwide.

• Artificial Pancreas: In 2016, the FDA approved the first artificial pancreas. Thousands of patients have benefited since.

• Artificial Lungs: As per a 2024 GlobalData report, 21 artificial lung devices are under development globally, with 7 in active stages. Currently, ECMO machines provide temporary artificial lung support and have saved over 200,000 lives worldwide.

Artificial Organs in India

• India is making progress with prosthetic hands and bionic limbs, with more than 10,000 people fitted so far.

• Over 5,000 patients have received artificial corneas in the country.

• However, large-scale use of advanced artificial organs (like heart or pancreas) is still limited.

Future Outlook

Dr. Ajit Jain from GTB Hospital, Delhi, believes artificial organs are among the biggest achievements in modern medicine. Thousands of patients globally have already benefited, but wider accessibility—especially in India—is crucial. With further research and technological development, artificial organs could transform healthcare and improve millions of lives.