Diabetes can affect much more than blood sugar levels. While most people associate the condition with complications involving the heart, kidneys and eyes, its effects can also become visible on the skin.

Persistent itching, dryness, irritation and a burning sensation are some of the skin-related problems that people with diabetes may experience. But why does high blood sugar cause these symptoms, and when should they become a matter of concern?

According to Dr. Abhinab Hazra, Consultant in Endocrinology and Diabetes at Metro Group of Hospitals, elevated blood sugar levels can affect skin health in several ways. Understanding these changes and recognising the warning signs can help people seek timely medical attention.

1. High Blood Sugar Can Lead to Dry and Itchy Skin

One of the common skin complaints among people with diabetes is persistent dryness and itching.

When blood sugar levels remain elevated for a prolonged period, the body may lose more fluids through increased urination. This can lead to dehydration, leaving the skin dry and uncomfortable.

As the skin loses moisture, itching and irritation may become more noticeable.

2. Nerve Damage and Poor Blood Circulation Can Affect Skin Health

Diabetes can also affect the nerves and blood circulation, particularly when blood sugar levels remain uncontrolled over time.

Nerve damage may cause unusual sensations such as itching, tingling, burning or discomfort. Reduced blood circulation can also affect skin health and the body's ability to repair damaged tissues.

People may experience these symptoms in different parts of the body, including their hands and feet.

3. Why Does Diabetes Increase the Risk of Skin Infections?

High blood sugar levels can affect the body's ability to fight infections. Diabetes may also weaken the skin's natural protective mechanisms, making certain individuals more vulnerable to fungal and bacterial infections.

These infections can cause itching, redness, irritation and discomfort.

Areas that remain warm and moist, including the feet, waist and skin folds, may be particularly susceptible to such problems.

4. When Should Skin Itching Become a Concern?

Not every episode of itching is related to diabetes. However, persistent itching accompanied by other skin changes should not be ignored.

Pay attention to symptoms such as:

• Persistent itching that does not improve.

• Redness or unusual skin rashes.

• Dryness and a burning sensation.

• Skin wounds or sores.

• Signs of fungal or bacterial infection.

If these symptoms continue or become worse, consulting a doctor is important to identify the underlying cause.

5. Why Are Skin Wounds More Serious for People With Diabetes?

People with diabetes may experience delayed wound healing, particularly when blood sugar levels are poorly controlled or circulation is affected.

Even minor cuts or injuries can sometimes develop into infections if they are not managed properly.

Foot-related problems require particular attention. If you notice swelling, increasing redness, wounds or pus around the feet, seek medical attention promptly. Delaying treatment can increase the risk of complications.

6. How Can You Protect Your Skin?

Maintaining good blood sugar control and following a regular skincare routine can help reduce the risk of diabetes-related skin problems.

Here are some important precautions:

• Keep blood sugar under control: Follow your prescribed treatment plan and monitor glucose levels as advised by your doctor.

• Stay hydrated: Drink sufficient water throughout the day to support overall health.

• Maintain skin hygiene: Keep your skin clean and dry, especially in areas prone to sweating.

• Moisturise regularly: Apply a suitable moisturiser after bathing to prevent excessive dryness.

• Avoid self-medication: Do not use anti-itch creams or medications without consulting a healthcare professional.

• Check your feet regularly: Look for cuts, redness, swelling or other unusual changes and seek medical advice when necessary.

If itching continues for an extended period, medical evaluation and appropriate tests may help determine whether diabetes or another underlying condition is responsible.

The Bottom Line

Diabetes can affect skin health in several ways, ranging from dryness and persistent itching to infections and delayed wound healing.

Although occasional itching does not necessarily indicate diabetes, recurring symptoms accompanied by redness, rashes or wounds deserve medical attention.

This World Diabetes Day, remember that diabetes management is not just about monitoring blood sugar. Paying attention to changes in your skin, maintaining proper hygiene and seeking timely medical advice are equally important for protecting your overall health.