Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, develops when abnormal cells begin to grow uncontrollably in the inner lining of the stomach. It usually progresses slowly and often shows no symptoms in the early stages, which makes early detection difficult. The disease is more common in men, especially those over 50 years old. Factors like smoking, heavy alcohol use, excessive consumption of salty or spicy foods, and infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria can increase the risk.

Why Does Stomach Cancer Occur?

Several factors contribute to the development of stomach cancer:

• Unhealthy diet: High intake of salt, oil, and processed foods can damage stomach cells.

• H. pylori infection: Long-term infection can inflame the stomach lining and cause precancerous changes.

• Lifestyle habits: Smoking and drinking alcohol alter stomach cells and raise cancer risk.

• Other factors: Genetics, obesity, and chronic gastric or ulcer problems can also be triggers.

• People who eat fewer fruits and vegetables are more prone to the disease.

The Three Major Symptoms of Stomach Cancer

According to Dr. Ajay Kumar (Delhi MCD), the three key warning signs are:

1. Persistent abdominal pain – Continuous or recurring stomach pain that doesn’t improve.

2. Loss of appetite – Reduced desire to eat or early fullness even after small meals.

3. Unexplained weight loss – Rapid weight loss without any clear reason.

These symptoms may seem mild at first, but as the disease advances, additional signs can appear, including:

• Frequent nausea or vomiting

• Bloating or heaviness after eating

• Difficulty swallowing

• Fatigue and weakness

• Black or bloody stool (if internal bleeding occurs)

• Blood in vomit

• Anemia and abdominal swelling

If these issues persist for more than 4–6 weeks, it’s important to consult a gastroenterologist for timely diagnosis.

How to Protect Yourself

• Avoid smoking and alcohol.

• Eat a balanced diet with fresh, home-cooked meals.

• Limit salty, fried, and processed foods.

• Include plenty of fruits and green vegetables.

• Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly.

• Get checked if you have chronic gastric or ulcer problems.

• Go for regular health check-ups, especially after age 40.