Air pollution in Delhi-NCR has been hovering at dangerous levels for several days, with toxic particles such as dust, smoke, PM2.5, and PM10 increasing sharply in the atmosphere. The air has become so hazardous that even healthy individuals are finding it difficult to breathe. Among the most vulnerable are children and senior citizens, who are experiencing an alarming spike in asthma-related problems.

Polluted air carries extremely fine particles that penetrate deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and narrowing of the air passages. This not only triggers asthma attacks but also worsens the condition of those already living with asthma. Children are at higher risk because their lungs are still developing, making them more susceptible to long-term damage. Elderly individuals, especially those with underlying heart or respiratory issues, are facing aggravated symptoms. Common signs include persistent coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, rapid breathing, nighttime breathlessness, fatigue, and irritation in the eyes and throat. These symptoms clearly signal the harmful impact of smog on lung health.

How to protect children and the elderly
Dr. Subhash Giri from RML Hospital advises minimizing outdoor exposure for children and senior citizens, particularly during early morning and late evening hours when pollution peaks. Using an air purifier at home and maintaining dust-free rooms can significantly reduce indoor pollution. For those who must step outside, wearing an N95 or N99 mask is essential.

Staying hydrated helps reduce inflammation in the airways. Individuals with asthma should use their inhalers as prescribed and avoid adjusting medication without medical advice. Wearing warm clothes can also help reduce the impact of cold air, which can worsen asthma symptoms. Steam inhalation, light indoor activity, and fresh home-cooked food can provide relief. If breathing becomes difficult or symptoms escalate, immediate medical consultation is necessary.

Additional precautions
• Check AQI levels before stepping out.
• Ensure school-going children wear masks.
• Asthma patients should always carry their inhaler.
• Maintain good ventilation without letting dust or smoke enter the home.
• Indoor plants like aloe vera and snake plant can help improve air quality.
• Avoid strenuous workouts on smog-heavy days.