Chhath Puja is one of the most important Hindu festivals, celebrated with great devotion in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, and parts of Nepal. Dedicated to the worship of the Sun God and Chhathi Maiya, the festival involves strict rituals, deep faith, and a remarkable display of self-discipline. The Chhath fast is known for its intensity — devotees abstain from both food and water for nearly 36 hours, offering prayers to the setting and rising sun, known as Sandhya Arghya and Usha Arghya. The ritual begins with Nahay-Khaay, a day of purification with a simple meal, followed by Kharna, where devotees eat kheer (rice pudding) and fruits before beginning the waterless fast. The purpose of this vrat is to seek health, prosperity, and peace for the family.

However, experts caution that such a long waterless fast may not be suitable for everyone, especially women with certain health conditions. Pregnant and breastfeeding women, or those suffering from diabetes, high or low blood pressure, and other medical issues, should be particularly careful. Prolonged fasting without food or water can lead to dehydration, dizziness, weakness, low energy, and fluctuations in blood pressure or sugar levels. It may also cause fatigue and mental stress. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize health while maintaining devotion — the essence of the fast lies in faith and sincerity, not physical strain.

According to Dr. Subhash Giri, from the Department of Medicine at RML Hospital, women should consult a doctor before beginning the fast, especially if they have any pre-existing medical conditions. He advises eating light, balanced, and nutritious food before the fasting period, including fruits, vegetables, and sufficient water to stay hydrated. During the Nirjala (waterless) period, one must avoid physical exertion and rest adequately. If symptoms like excessive weakness or dizziness occur, it’s important to break the fast immediately rather than risk health complications.

While performing rituals such as offering Arghya to the Sun, devotees should ensure safety while entering rivers or ponds and avoid standing in cold water for too long. Proper sleep and rest are also essential to keep the body energized throughout the ritual. Women who wish to observe the fast can modify it slightly — for example, by taking small sips of water or fasting for a shorter duration if needed.

Ultimately, the Chhath Puja fast symbolizes faith, purity, and gratitude — but maintaining one’s physical well-being is equally important. With proper preparation, medical guidance, and mindful care, devotees can participate in the rituals safely while preserving the spiritual significance of this sacred festival.